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  EnglishLink Speaking: Say or Tell
 
 
 

Say tell có nghĩa từ vựng hoàn toàn giống nhau. Nghĩa của chúng đều là giao tiếp bằng lời với một ngưới nào khác nhưng cách dùng lại khác nhau.

Cách phân biệt đơn giản nhất là:

  • You say something
  • You tell someone something
You say something You tell someone something
Ram said that he was tired. Ram told Jane that he was tired.
Anthony says you have a new job. Anthony tells me you have a new job.
Tara said: "I love you." Tara told John that she loved him.
   
 

Nhưng không phải lúc nào bạn cũng có thể phân biệt được sự khác nhau này. Dưới đây là một số quy tắc hữu ích.

Tân ngữ chỉ người (Personal object)
Thông thường, chúng ta dùng một tân ngữ chỉ người (người thứ ba được nói đến ) sau động từ "tell". Chúng ta cũng có thể không cần dùng tân ngữ sau động từ:

  • She told me that she loved John.
  • She said that she loved John.
  • He told everybody that he had to leave.
  • He said that he had to leave.

Say "to someone"
Đôi khi chúng ta dùng cấu trúc: "say to someone":

  • He said to me that he was tired.
  • Tara said to Ram that he had done very well.
  • Anthony said to her, "I hope you come soon."
  • "I'd like to sleep," she said to him quietly.

Câu trực tiếp (Direct speech)
Động từ "say" còn đựơc dùng trong câu trực tiếp khi đưa ra một thông báo hoặc một thông tin nào đó:

  • Amanda said, "Hello John. How are you?"
  • "That's great'" she said.
  • He told her: "Open the door quietly."
  • She told me, "I have never been to England."

Nhưng không được phép dùng "tell" trong câu trực tiếp

  • She said: "Do you love me?"
  • The policeman said to the prisoner, "Where were you at 8pm?"

Câu gián tiếp, thuật lại (Reported speech)
Có thể dùng cả say hoặc tell để thuật lại thông tin:

  • She said that it was raining.
  • She told me that she would call at 2pm.

Không đựoc phép dùng say hoặc tell trong câu hỏi gián tiếp. Thay vào đó dùng ask (hoặc một động từ tương tự):

  • She asked if I had ever been there.
  • They asked what I wanted to eat.
  • She asked where he lived.
  • He asked if she wanted to go home.
 
 

Orders, advice
Dùng cấu trúc tell + object + infinitive cho lời đề nghị hoặc lời khuyên:

  • She told him to sit down.
  • They told me not to wait.
  • Tell Neil to have a holiday and forget her.

Phrases
Một số cụm từ cố định dùng với tell. Trong trương hợp này không được phép dùng say:

  • tell (someone) a story
  • tell (someone) a lie
  • tell (someone) the truth
  • tell the future (= to know what the future will bring)
  • tell the time (= know how to read a clock)

Right and wrong
Hãy đọc những ví dụ dưới đây:

We cannot... These are NOT possible... These are possible...
say someone to do something Tara said Jo to go away. Tara told Jo to go away.
say someone something Panita said me that she was hungry. Panita told me that she was hungry.
tell something He told that he likes coffee. He said that he likes coffee.
tell to someone Tookta told to me that she was coming. Tookta told me that she was coming.
Tookta said to me that she was coming.
say a lie Siriluck always says lies. Siriluck always tells lies.
tell somebody "direct speech"
(except instructions and information)
Ram told Nok: "Let's turn on the TV." Ram said to Nok: "Let's turn on the TV."
(Ram told Nok, "Turn on the TV.")
(Ram told Nok: "I was born in 1985.")
say or tell a reported question She said if I wanted to come. She asked if I wanted to come.
Tookta told what I wanted to do. Took asked what I wanted to do.
 
   
   
Links
Vocabulary
Phrasal Verbs Quiz
Say or Tell Quiz
Do or Make Quiz
 
   
   
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